The causes of the conflict are multifaceted and complex, involving historical, cultural, economic, and political factors. Some of the key issues include:
The conflict was rooted in long-standing ethnic tensions between the Dayak, the indigenous people of Kalimantan, and the Madurese, a Muslim ethnic group from the island of Madura. The Madurese had migrated to Kalimantan in significant numbers, leading to concerns among the Dayak about losing their land and cultural identity.
: The violence began in the town of Sampit and quickly spread to other parts of the province, including the capital, Palangkaraya.
