The brutal 2012 Nirbhaya gang rape in Delhi shattered the nation’s complacency. It sparked a national conversation about safety, consent, and the right to public space. While laws have been strengthened (criminalizing stalking, acid attacks, and marital rape—though the latter remains contested), the fear persists. Many women still plan their day around "safe" timings and routes. The use of safety apps and pepper spray is now routine.